Here are 4 “don’ts” you need to stick to if you want to keep as much of your hard-earned money as possible.
1) Don’t neglect to take your required minimum distributions
When you turn 70½, you have to begin taking distributions from your 401(k) and/or traditional IRA. What’s the timetable for drawing down the money? Monthly, quarterly, or in a lump sum, it doesn’t matter. Just do not miss your required minimum distributions.
As far as the taxes you’ll owe, you’ll be billed on what you take during the year. Just be warned: If you skip (or forget) to take a distribution? Watch out! The penalty for not taking a mandatory minimum distribution from your 401(k) (or traditional IRA) is a whopping 50% of the amount you were supposed to withdraw.
2) Don’t take (way too early) early withdrawals
This is where 401(k)s and traditional IRAs are a bit different. If you take money from your IRA before you reach age 59½, not only do you have to pay tax on the income, but you’ll get hit with a 10% penalty. 401(k)s have a bit more flexibility. Yes, early withdrawals also get hit by a 10% penalty, but if you are over age 55, under certain circumstances, you can begin to draw down your 401(k) without penalty, so long as you’ve left the job associated with that 401(k). (You will, of course, still have to pay taxes.)
3) Don’t take possession of your 401(K) when you leave a job
If you’re still working and you get let go from your job, or if you quit to take a position with another company, do NOT let them cut you a check (payable to you) for your 401(k) balance.
If you do, not only will they withhold taxes, they might also impose early withdrawal penalties (and who knows what else).
I’ve seen someone get seriously hurt financially by a well-meaning (but ill-informed) HR person who recommended this.
Take note: If you get let go from your job, keep the 401(k) balance where it is until you know what you’re going to do. If you change jobs, have them transfer the money in your 401(k) directly to your new 401(k) trustee.
4) Don’t wait until 70½ to use the money in your retirement accounts
I devote an entire chapter to the importance of “sequencing the draw down of your retirement savings accounts” in my book: “Personal Decision Points.”
Properly timing and planning the process can save (or cost) you many thousands of dollars over time.
What’s another way to save taxes on your retirement accounts?
If you begin taking smaller withdrawals from your retirement accounts earlier than you have to (age 70½), this could lower your tax burden both in the short term and over the long haul (the taxes you’ll pay over your lifetime).
Most of us understandably want to wait as long as possible to begin using the money in our retirement accounts (because it grows tax deferred). But, depending on your situation, it might be better to begin to use some of that money earlier. (It mostly depends on your tax bracket and other income.)