Pre-emptive retirement tax planning is planning that you enter into with your accountant and your advisor that takes into consideration both your current and your future financial life, and then makes informed financial decisions that are designed to save you the most money in taxes over time.
More specifically, this type of planning takes in to consideration (for starters) things like:
- When retirement account distributions will be taken
- What amounts are taken
- When major purchases will be made
- Which account(s) will be used
- What types of investments are chosen
- Whether taxable or non-taxable distributions are taken
- And … Where you live (which state)
Here’s a general overview of why pre-emptive tax planning is so important
Most retirees have numerous income sources. There’s Social Security, which may be taxable. There are IRAs and employer-sponsored retirement accounts (such as 401(k)s). There are also savings, investments, brokerage accounts, inheritances, and capital gains. And then perhaps there’s even real estate income, income from work (lots of people work after they retire), and perhaps even income from a small business.
During our primary working years, most good savers defer as much income as possible by utilizing tax-deferred investment vehicles.
That’s great! You reduce your taxable income, and the money compounds tax deferred.
By doing this year after year after year, you can amass a sizable amount of savings for the future.
So, then what happens?
Well, typically, for those without a plan, even well after they retire, they end up leaving the money in their retirement accounts to grow untouched until the day comes when they are legally forced to begin taking Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs). (The amount of an RMD is calculated based on your account balances and your life expectancy. Generally, the larger the balance, the bigger the RMD.)
Don’t misunderstand me: Leaving the money in your 401(k) seems intuitive. That money has been in there a long time. It’s probably been growing. And so why tap into it before you legally are forced to?
Well, because those large balances can end up necessitating overly large RMDs (compared to account balance(s) that are lower), and these can trigger unnecessarily large tax bills. (And remember, these tax bills don’t just impact your RMDs, they can bump you into a higher tax bracket for all your income for the year.)
And these bills can end up being thousands of dollars higher than they would have been if those accounts had only been properly utilized sooner.
Now, there are myriad exceptions and contingencies, and everyone’s situation is unique. But another thing that I’ve seen happen is that in between the accumulation stage (when you are working and earning money) and the drawdown stage (when you are retired and spending money), is that our state and federal income taxes can go up. And this combines with the large RMDs, and the result is a much bigger tax bite than would have been required had some basic (forward-thinking) tax planning been implemented years before.
How much more might you have to pay?
I’ve seen a couple with a net worth of well under $1 million be forced to pay $25,000 over and above what they could have paid merely because they didn’t plan in advance. (In their situation, rather than begin utilizing the monies they held in a 401(k) before RMDs kicked in, they instead only used their after-tax savings to fund the first half-decade of their retirements.)
It all comes down to planning.
Now, the above is merely a “flyover” of a complex set of possible outcomes. Simply, the number of contingencies can feel staggering, but that’s why fiduciary financial professionals like your advisor and your accountant exist.
Remember, this is about you eliminating financial waste and keeping as much of your hard-earned savings as possible.
Because, as my Allworth Co-Founder Pat McClain is fond of saying, “Money that is not going out is the same as money coming in.”
And large chunks of money needlessly going out to old Uncle Sam is perhaps the most painful financial waste of all.